Essentials of Face Masks: Guidance for Preventing Respiratory Infections Like COVID 19

Coronavirus Information from Johns Hopkins Medicine

Face Masks FAQs

Infectious Diseases

By Lisa Lockerd Maragakis, M.D., M.P.H.

Last updated: January 11, 2024

Face masks are essential tools in preventing the spread of respiratory infections like COVID-19. They provide protection not only to the wearer but also help prevent others from catching viruses through rborne droplets when you're sick or contagious.

Lisa Maragakis, M.D., M.P.H., an expert in infection prevention at Johns Hopkins Medicine, addresses common questions about face masks:

Different Types of Masks?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC offers insights on various mask types. Essentially, choosing a mask that fits well, wears consistently, and properly is key to its effectiveness.

1. Cloth Masks

In non-healthcare settings, multi-layer fabric cloth masks are proven as effective barriers agnst respiratory droplets when worn correctly over the nose and mouth.

2. ProceduralSurgical Masks

These are loosely fitting, designed for covering mouths and noses. Medical grade surgical or procedural masks provide excellent protection due to their filtration capabilities and fluid resistance. A simple knot-and-tuck technique can improve fit.

3. N95 Respirators Other Filtering Facepiece FFP Masks

N95 respirators effectively filter out at least 95 of rborne particles, making them suitable for healthcare workers or high-risk individuals during outbreaks. FFP masks also offer varying levels of protection based on standards and design.

How to Wear a Mask?

Wearing your mask correctly is crucial:

1. Ensure the mask covers your nose and mouth entirely.

2. Adjust the wire strip at the top of the mask agnst the shape of your face for better fit.

3. Avoid touching or adjusting the mask frequently, as this can introduce germs onto it.

When to Wear a Mask?

Different guidelines apply based on:

1. Personal Infection: If you have COVID-19 and are unable to mntn distance from others in your home, your respiratory droplets could infect others. Stay isolated and use a mask around people until advised by your healthcare provider.

2. Vaccination Status: While full vaccination reduces your chances of catching or spreading the virus, it doesn't guarantee immunity agnst infection. Masks provide additional protection, especially for people around those at higher risk of COVID-19.

How to Mntn Your Mask?

Cleaning and storing masks properly are essential:

1. Clean masks after each use to minimize germs and viruses.

2. Store clean masks in a safe place when not in use.

Frequency of Mask Use?

It's recommed to have multiple masks on hand so you can rotate them regularly for washing or replacement, ensuring consistent protection.

For more information on how to protect yourself and others from COVID-19, visit Johns Hopkins Medicine's comprehensive resources on the coronavirus pandemic.
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